Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent neoplasm worldwide. It's a slow growing and locally aggressive tumor, but it has a metastatic potential estimated between 0,0028 and 0,5%. The purpose of this study is to show the experience of a center in the management of this metastatic disease. Descriptive retrospective study of patients with metastatic basal cell carcinoma treated at the Instituto nacional del cancer from July2004 to July 2015. A revision of the literature was also made. 3 cases with this unusual disease during an 11 years period. The first one died at 42 months of follow up. There are 2 patients on follow up, 1 of them has lung metastatic disease after 29 months of follow up, and the last one is free of disease with 92 months of follow up. Metastatic basal cell carcinoma is an unusual entity, thus everyone that is involved in it's treatment, must be aware of this in order to do an early diagnosis. Surgery associated to radiotherapy are the mainstays of treatment. This disease should be managed on national referral centers.

El carcinoma basocelular es la neoplasia con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial. Es de crecimiento lento y localmente agresiva pero posee un potencial metastásico extremadamente bajo, que se estima entre 0,0028% y 0,5%. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la experiencia de una institución con el manejo de esta enfermedad metastásica. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con carcinoma basocelular metastásico tratados en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer, entre julio 2004 y julio 2015. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura. Se evidenciaron 3 casos con esta enfermedad poco habitual en un plazo de 11 años. Un paciente falleció a los 42 meses de seguimiento. Hay 2 pacientes aún en control, uno de ellos lleva 29 meses de seguimiento y actualmente tiene enfermedad metastásica pulmonar, y el último paciente lleva 92 meses de seguimiento libre de enfermedad. El carcinoma basocelular metastásico, es una entidad poco frecuente por lo que todos los que nos vemos involucrado en su manejo debemos mantenernos alerta para una pesquisa oportuna. La cirugía asociada a la radioterapia siguen siendo los pilares del tratamiento. Esta patología debiera manejarse en centros de referencia a nivel nacional.

A case report of a patient with treated Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is presented. In his usual tomographic control patient was requested a PET-CT scan to supplement prior study that showed a metabo-lically active focus on the left adductor muscle without evident tomographic correlation. Lesion underwent both a soft tissue ultrasound study and a directed biopsy, the latter being positive for secondary infiltration by lymphoma. This case has demonstrated the usefulness of applying complementary techniques in the management of these lesions, mainly of PET-CT scans in the study of unusual sites of spread. This combined medical imaging technique allows accurate lesion localization, which in turn permits performance of a subsequent directed study.

Se presenta un caso clínico de paciente con linfoma no Hodgkin tratado; en control tomográfico habitual se le solicitó PET-CT para complementar su estudio, que demuestra un foco metabólicamente activo en el espesor de músculo aductor izquierdo sin traducción tomográfica evidente. La lesión fue estudiada con ultrasonografia de partes blandas y biopsia dirigida, que resultó positiva para infiltración secundaria por linfoma. Este caso demuestra la utilidad de las técnicas complementarias en el manejo de estos pacientes, en especial la utilidad del PET-CT en el estudio de sitios inhabituales de diseminación. En este examen existe la posibilidad de identificar con precisión la localización de las lesiones mediante la TC complementaria, lo que permite efectuar posteriormente el estudio dirigido.

Introduction: Pleural empyema (PE) is a serious complication of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of hospitalized patients with PE in the pediatric ward of the Catholic University Hospital between 2000-2005. Patients y methods: Retrospectively, all pediatric admission due to CAP and pleural effusion (86 children) were identified. In 59 (70%) children > 1 thoracocentesis were performed. We considered PE as the presence in the pleural effusion of pus, and/or a positive gram strain and/ or positive culture, and/or a pH < 7.10. Children with effusions not meeting any criteria were used as controls. Results: Twenty four PE and 25 controls were identified, with a global mean age of 2.9 years (range: 8 months to 14.3 years); 78% were < 5 years, with a significant difference between PE and controls [1.6 vs 3.3 years (p = 0.01)]. The mean duration of symptoms in PE patients before admission was 7 days (range: 2-21), and the most frequent symptoms were fever (100%) and cough (96%). In 15/24 cases a microorganism was identified being Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 9) the most common. In 48 patients management was conservative and in 4 surgical procedures were required. The mean duration of hospitalization was significantly higher in the PE group vs controls group: 15 (range: 5-38) vs 9 days (range 3-16) (p < 0.01). A chest tube was inserted in 83% of children with EP compared with 36% in the control group (p = 0.002). There were no difference in number of days of oxygen use [6 vs 4.5 (p = 0.36)] or number of chest tubes per child [3 vs 2.5 (p = 0.29)]. No deaths were reported. Conclusion: PE in children represented an acute respiratory event associated with more prolonged hospitalization especially at younger ages; the majority of cases did not require surgical intervention

Introducción: El empiema pleural (EP) es una complicación grave de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Objetivos: Describir las características de los pacientes hospitalizados por EP en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de la Universidad Católica durante el período 2000-2005. Se identificaron 86 hospitalizaciones por NAC con efusión pleural, practicándose en 59 (70%), al menos una toracocentesis. Se consideró EP a la presencia de pus, tinción de Gram con bacterias, cultivo positivo o pH < 7,10 en el líquido pleural, siendo las efusiones para-neumónicas los controles. Resultados: Se analizaron 24 EP y 25 controles [promedio 2,9 años (rango: 8 meses - 14,3 años)], 78% de edad inferior a 5 años con diferencia entre los grupos EP y controles [1,6 vs 3,3 años, respectivamente (p = 0,01)]. El promedio global (días) de síntomas previo al ingreso en los EP fue 7 (rango: 2-21), siendo los más frecuentes fiebre (100%) y tos (96%). Se identificó algún microorganismo en 15/24 EP, Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el más frecuente (n: 9). En 48 niños, el manejo inicial fue conservador, requiriéndose cuatro rescates quirúrgicos luego del cuarto día. El promedio (días) de hospitalización fue significativamente superior en el grupo EP vs controles [15 (rango: 5-38) vs 9 (rango: 3-16) (p < 0,01)]. Requirieron drenaje pleural 83% del grupo EP y 36% de los controles (p = 0,002). No hubo diferencia en el número de días de empleo de oxígeno [6 vs 4,5 (p = 0,36)] o drenaje pleural [3 vs 2,5 (p = 0,29)]. No se registraron fallecidos. Conclusión: El EP en niños fue una condición respiratoria aguda que se asoció a estadías hospitalarias prolongadas, especialmente en los de menor edad, no requiriéndose, en la mayoría, una intervención quirúrgica de rescate

Background: Horner syndrome (HS) or oculosympathetic paresis is caused by the interruption of the sympathetic nervous pathway at any point from the brain to the eye. Clinical signs include miosis, upper lid ptosis, anhydrosis of the face, enophtalmus and iris heterochromia. Although it is usually a benign condition, the proximity of the sympathetic pathway to carotid arteries, thoracic structures and central nervous system requires a careful ruling out of life-threatening conditions. Objective: To describe the utility of clinical history and neurological examination in the assessment of the etiology and localization of lesions causing Horner syndrome. Methods: Review of cases presented at the Neurology Unit of Catholic University of Chile during 2003-2004. Results: 5 patients were identified with an age distribution of 2-72 months. 4 cases were congenital and 1 acquired. Neurological signs allowed to classify the cases of HS in peripheral (4) and central (1). Hemianhydrosis suggested that 3 cases were preganglionic and 2 postganglionic. Conclusions: History and neurological examination in cases of HS is usually enough to define the localization of the lesion. Further laboratory evaluation is unnecessary

Introducción: El síndrome de Horner (SH) u oculosimpaticoparesia es causado por la interrupción de la vía simpática (VS) que va desde el cerebro hasta el ojo. Los signos clínicos son miosis, ptosis, enoftalmos, heterocromía del iris y hemianhidrosis facial ipsilateral, en su forma completa. Generalmente es benigno pero la proximidad arterias carotídeas, órganos torácicos y cerebro nos obliga a descartar patologías potencialmente riesgosas. Objetivo: Describir la utilidad de la historia clínica y el examen neurológico en la evaluación de la etiología y localización de la lesión en el SH. Pacientes y Método: 5 pacientes de sexo masculino entre 2-72 meses edad controlados en Neurología infantil de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile entre los años 2003-2004. Resultados: Según tiempo de aparición, 4 casos fueron congénitos y 1 caso adquirido. Los signos neurológicos acompañantes clasificaban los casos como SH periférico (4) y SH central (1). La hemianhidrosis clasificaban 3 casos como preganglionares y dos postganglionares Conclusión: En niños con SH la anamnesis, el análisis de la signología propia y asociada del SH nos ayudan a localizar la lesión y reducen una extensa evaluación sistémica

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are rare tumors, accounting for less than 3% of gastrointestinal neoplasms, however, they are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. All GISTs are defined by the expression of CD117, a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor, as opposed to other tumors like leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas and neurogenic tumors. 70-80% are benign, and the majority is located in the stomach and small bowel, but also they can arise from any portion of the GI tract as well as from the mesentery, omentum and retroperitoneum. Malignant GISTs are usually large (>5 cm), with high mitotic index, and can metastasize to the liver and peritoneum. CT findings that suggest GIST are: exofitic mass arising from bowel wall, well-circumscribed, that can present hemorrhage, necrosis and/or cystic component, and rarely is associated with bowel obstruction. Treatment is surgical resection. Therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 is promising

El tumor estromal gastrointestinal (GIST) representa menos del 3 % de las neoplasias gastrointestinales; sin embargo, es el tumor mesenquimatico mas frecuente del tracto digestivo. GIST se define por la expresión de un receptor de factor de crecimiento de tirosina kinasa, CD117, lo que lo diferencia de los otros tumores mesenquimáticos como leiomiomas, leio-miosarcomas, leiomioblastomas y tumores neurogénicos, que no expresan esta proteína. 70-80% de los GISTs son benignos, localizándose la mayoría en estomago e intestino delgado (> 90%). Pueden originarse también de cualquier porción del tracto digestivo, así como del mesenterio, omento y retroperitoneo. GISTs malignos son generalmente de gran tamaño (> a 5 cm), con índice mitótico alto, y puede metastizar a hígado y peritoneo. Hallazgos sugerentes a la tomografía computada (TC) son: masa exofitica que se origina de la pared del estomago o intestino, bien delimitada, que puede presentar hemorragia, necrosis o componente quístico, raramente asociada a obstrucción. El tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica. Se han descrito buenos resultados con inhibidor de tirosina kinasa STI571

The free radical copolymerization of soluble poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) was studied in the range 25 to 75 % in the feed. The copolymers compositions were determined from the N/C by elemental analysis. The r1 and r2 were determined by the Kelen Tüdös method. The experimental data indicate random comonomer incorporation with alternanting tendency. The separation of various metal ions by the water-soluble poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acryl amide) reagent in aqueous phase using the Liquid-phase Polymer-based Retention (LPR) was investigated. The method is based on the retention of inorganic ions by this polymer in a membrane filtration cell and subsequent separation of low-molar mass species from the polymer complex formed. It is shown that poly(HEMA-co-AAm) can bind metal ions : Cr(III), Co (II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), and Fe(III) in aqueous solution at pH 3, 5, and 7. The inorganic ion interaction with the hydrophilic polymer was determined as a function of pH and filtration factor. In addition, the maximum capacity values of the copolymer for lead (II) were investigated at different pH

Eight isozyme systems were used in this study: acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM). The polymorphism of these enzyme systems was studied in 25 elite inbred lines. A total of 19 loci were identified, but only eight of them were polymorphic in the germplasm tested. The polymorphic index for the eight informative markers ranged from 0.08 to 0.57, with a mean value of 0.36. Five isozyme loci were mapped in F2:3 populations with existing RFLP data. Est-1, Gdh-2 and Pgi-2 were mapped to linkage groups 3, 14 and 9, respectively. As in previous reports, an ACP locus and a PGD locus were found to be linked, both located in linkage group 2 of the public sunflower map.